Zhu Changying

Zhu Changying (25 April 1597 – 21 December 1645), also known as Prince Duan of Gui, was a prince of the Ming dynasty. He was the seventh son of the Wanli Emperor, the reigning emperor of the Ming dynasty from 1572 to 1620. Zhu Changying's date of birth is recorded as April 25, 1597, and he died on December 21, 1645.

He was the father of Zhu Youliang, who later became known as the Yongli Emperor, the last emperor of the Southern Ming regime. Upon his son’s ascension to the throne, Zhu Changying was posthumously honored with the imperial title Emperor Duan and was given the temple name Lizong.

Regarding his family, Zhu Changying was married to multiple consorts and had several children:

- His principal consort was Empress Xiaoqinduan of the Lü clan.

- Another consort was Empress Xiaozheng of the Wang clan, who died in 1651; she was also known by her Catholic name, Helena.

- He was also honored as Empress Dowager Zhaosheng of the Ma clan (1578–1669).

His children included:

- Zhu Youliang, the Yongli Emperor (1623–1662), his fourth son.

- An unidentified first son, referenced as Zhu You?.

- A second son titled Prince Min of Gui (朱由?), whose dates are unspecified.

- Zhu You’ai (1623–1646), known as Prince Gong of Gui.

- Zhu Youzhan, designated Prince of Yongxing (永興王), his fifth son.

- An additional unnamed son, referred to as Zhu You?, holding the title Prince of Xintian.

- Another unnamed son designated as Prince of Jianghua.

- Zhu Yourong, titled Prince of Jiashan.

- Princess Anhua, known as the Anhua Princess.

- The second daughter was born on March 9, 1626, and died on March 20, 1627.

- Princess Guangde, also known as the Guangde Princess.

His lineage and titles are documented in sources such as the "History of the Ming" (南明史) and the "Qingqu County Annals" (清泉县志). His life and family relationships are noted within these historical texts, providing a record of his noble status and familial connections during the late Ming dynasty period.